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my name is lesie Lamport and I am a my name is lesie Lamport and I am a computer computer computer scientist uh which is something that scientist uh which is something that scientist uh which is something that didn't really exist when I started being didn't really exist when I started being
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my name is lesie Lamport and I am a computer
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computer
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computer scientist uh which is something that
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scientist uh which is something that
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scientist uh which is something that didn't really exist when I started being
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didn't really exist when I started being
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didn't really exist when I started being a computer scientist and it took me a a computer scientist and it took me a a computer scientist and it took me a while to figure out that I was one my while to figure out that I was one my
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a computer scientist and it took me a
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a computer scientist and it took me a while to figure out that I was one my
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while to figure out that I was one my
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while to figure out that I was one my relationship with computers began as a relationship with computers began as a relationship with computers began as a programmer it never quite occurred to me programmer it never quite occurred to me programmer it never quite occurred to me that I was doing anything scientific that I was doing anything scientific
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relationship with computers began as a
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relationship with computers began as a programmer it never quite occurred to me
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programmer it never quite occurred to me
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programmer it never quite occurred to me that I was doing anything scientific
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that I was doing anything scientific
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that I was doing anything scientific until after I had published enough until after I had published enough until after I had published enough papers that if finally occurred to me my papers that if finally occurred to me my papers that if finally occurred to me my education was as a mathematician it was
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until after I had published enough
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until after I had published enough papers that if finally occurred to me my
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papers that if finally occurred to me my
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papers that if finally occurred to me my education was as a mathematician it was
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education was as a mathematician it was education was as a mathematician it was just natural for me to think about just natural for me to think about just natural for me to think about computers as a computers as a computers as a mathematician when you write an mathematician when you write an
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education was as a mathematician it was just natural for me to think about
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just natural for me to think about
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just natural for me to think about computers as a
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computers as a
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computers as a mathematician when you write an
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mathematician when you write an
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mathematician when you write an algorithm you need to have a proof that algorithm you need to have a proof that algorithm you need to have a proof that it's correct an algorithm without a it's correct an algorithm without a it's correct an algorithm without a proof is a conjecture it's not a
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algorithm you need to have a proof that
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algorithm you need to have a proof that it's correct an algorithm without a
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it's correct an algorithm without a
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it's correct an algorithm without a proof is a conjecture it's not a
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proof is a conjecture it's not a proof is a conjecture it's not a theorem and if you're proving things theorem and if you're proving things theorem and if you're proving things well that means well that means well that means mathematics computer scientists tend to mathematics computer scientists tend to
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proof is a conjecture it's not a theorem and if you're proving things
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theorem and if you're proving things
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theorem and if you're proving things well that means
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well that means
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well that means mathematics computer scientists tend to
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mathematics computer scientists tend to
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mathematics computer scientists tend to think in terms of programming languages think in terms of programming languages think in terms of programming languages one of the epiphanies in my career was one of the epiphanies in my career was one of the epiphanies in my career was the realization that I was not writing
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think in terms of programming languages
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think in terms of programming languages one of the epiphanies in my career was
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one of the epiphanies in my career was
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one of the epiphanies in my career was the realization that I was not writing
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the realization that I was not writing the realization that I was not writing programs as a computer scientist I was programs as a computer scientist I was programs as a computer scientist I was designing algorithms I came to realize designing algorithms I came to realize
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the realization that I was not writing programs as a computer scientist I was
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programs as a computer scientist I was
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programs as a computer scientist I was designing algorithms I came to realize
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designing algorithms I came to realize
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designing algorithms I came to realize that if I'm not writing a program I that if I'm not writing a program I that if I'm not writing a program I shouldn't use a programming shouldn't use a programming shouldn't use a programming language people confuse programming with language people confuse programming with
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that if I'm not writing a program I
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that if I'm not writing a program I shouldn't use a programming
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shouldn't use a programming
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shouldn't use a programming language people confuse programming with
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language people confuse programming with
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language people confuse programming with coding coding is to programming what coding coding is to programming what coding coding is to programming what typing is to writing writing is typing is to writing writing is typing is to writing writing is something that involves mental effort something that involves mental effort
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coding coding is to programming what
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coding coding is to programming what typing is to writing writing is
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typing is to writing writing is
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typing is to writing writing is something that involves mental effort
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something that involves mental effort
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something that involves mental effort you're thinking about what you're going you're thinking about what you're going you're thinking about what you're going to say the words have some importance to say the words have some importance to say the words have some importance but in some sense that even they are but in some sense that even they are
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you're thinking about what you're going
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you're thinking about what you're going to say the words have some importance
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to say the words have some importance
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to say the words have some importance but in some sense that even they are
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but in some sense that even they are
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but in some sense that even they are secondary to the ideas in the same way secondary to the ideas in the same way secondary to the ideas in the same way programs are built on ideas they have to programs are built on ideas they have to
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secondary to the ideas in the same way
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secondary to the ideas in the same way programs are built on ideas they have to
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programs are built on ideas they have to
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programs are built on ideas they have to do something and what they're supposed do something and what they're supposed do something and what they're supposed to do I mean is like what writing is to do I mean is like what writing is to do I mean is like what writing is supposed to convey if people are trying
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do something and what they're supposed
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do something and what they're supposed to do I mean is like what writing is
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to do I mean is like what writing is
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to do I mean is like what writing is supposed to convey if people are trying
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supposed to convey if people are trying supposed to convey if people are trying to learn programming by being taught to to learn programming by being taught to to learn programming by being taught to code well they're being taught writing code well they're being taught writing
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supposed to convey if people are trying to learn programming by being taught to
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to learn programming by being taught to
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to learn programming by being taught to code well they're being taught writing
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code well they're being taught writing
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code well they're being taught writing by being taught how to type and that by being taught how to type and that by being taught how to type and that doesn't make much doesn't make much doesn't make much sense the best way way I have for sense the best way way I have for
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by being taught how to type and that
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by being taught how to type and that doesn't make much
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doesn't make much
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doesn't make much sense the best way way I have for
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sense the best way way I have for
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sense the best way way I have for teaching about programming as distinct teaching about programming as distinct teaching about programming as distinct from coding is to think about what the from coding is to think about what the from coding is to think about what the program is supposed to do mathematically program is supposed to do mathematically
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teaching about programming as distinct
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teaching about programming as distinct from coding is to think about what the
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from coding is to think about what the
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from coding is to think about what the program is supposed to do mathematically
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program is supposed to do mathematically
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program is supposed to do mathematically there's a very big practical problem there's a very big practical problem there's a very big practical problem with this the mathematical education in with this the mathematical education in with this the mathematical education in this country is pretty terrible most this country is pretty terrible most
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there's a very big practical problem
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there's a very big practical problem with this the mathematical education in
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with this the mathematical education in
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with this the mathematical education in this country is pretty terrible most
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this country is pretty terrible most
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this country is pretty terrible most people wind up being afraid of people wind up being afraid of people wind up being afraid of mathematics this is even senior mathematics this is even senior mathematics this is even senior programmers I've developed a language programmers I've developed a language
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people wind up being afraid of
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people wind up being afraid of mathematics this is even senior
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mathematics this is even senior
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mathematics this is even senior programmers I've developed a language
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programmers I've developed a language
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programmers I've developed a language called t for writing down the ideas called t for writing down the ideas called t for writing down the ideas that go into the program before before that go into the program before before that go into the program before before you do any coding it's a pretty hard
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called t for writing down the ideas
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called t for writing down the ideas that go into the program before before
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that go into the program before before
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that go into the program before before you do any coding it's a pretty hard
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you do any coding it's a pretty hard you do any coding it's a pretty hard thing for engineers to get into but when thing for engineers to get into but when thing for engineers to get into but when they do it develops their ability to they do it develops their ability to
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you do any coding it's a pretty hard thing for engineers to get into but when
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thing for engineers to get into but when
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thing for engineers to get into but when they do it develops their ability to
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they do it develops their ability to
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they do it develops their ability to think
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mathematically a distributed system is mathematically a distributed system is one in which your computer can be one in which your computer can be one in which your computer can be rendered useless by the failure of a rendered useless by the failure of a rendered useless by the failure of a computer that you didn't even know
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mathematically a distributed system is one in which your computer can be
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one in which your computer can be
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one in which your computer can be rendered useless by the failure of a
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rendered useless by the failure of a
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rendered useless by the failure of a computer that you didn't even know
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computer that you didn't even know computer that you didn't even know existed non-distributed Computing is existed non-distributed Computing is existed non-distributed Computing is when different processes communicate by when different processes communicate by when different processes communicate by using the same memory and distributed using the same memory and distributed
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computer that you didn't even know existed non-distributed Computing is
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existed non-distributed Computing is
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existed non-distributed Computing is when different processes communicate by
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when different processes communicate by
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when different processes communicate by using the same memory and distributed
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using the same memory and distributed
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using the same memory and distributed computing means that they're computing means that they're computing means that they're communicating with one another by communicating with one another by communicating with one another by sending messages now my interest in sending messages now my interest in sending messages now my interest in distributed systems came about by
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computing means that they're
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computing means that they're communicating with one another by
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communicating with one another by
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communicating with one another by sending messages now my interest in
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sending messages now my interest in
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sending messages now my interest in distributed systems came about by
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distributed systems came about by distributed systems came about by Serendipity I received a pre-print of a Serendipity I received a pre-print of a Serendipity I received a pre-print of a paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson who had an algorithm for implementing
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distributed systems came about by Serendipity I received a pre-print of a
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Serendipity I received a pre-print of a
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Serendipity I received a pre-print of a paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson
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paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson
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paper by Robert Thomas and Paul Johnson who had an algorithm for implementing
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who had an algorithm for implementing who had an algorithm for implementing distributed databases these are distributed databases these are distributed databases these are databases where you could have multiple databases where you could have multiple databases where you could have multiple copies of the data sitting at different copies of the data sitting at different
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who had an algorithm for implementing distributed databases these are
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distributed databases these are
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distributed databases these are databases where you could have multiple
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databases where you could have multiple
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databases where you could have multiple copies of the data sitting at different
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copies of the data sitting at different
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copies of the data sitting at different computers so that programs on each computers so that programs on each computers so that programs on each computer could have rapid access to the computer could have rapid access to the computer could have rapid access to the data but they had to be synchronized so
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computers so that programs on each
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computers so that programs on each computer could have rapid access to the
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computer could have rapid access to the
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computer could have rapid access to the data but they had to be synchronized so
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data but they had to be synchronized so data but they had to be synchronized so that processes on all the computers got that processes on all the computers got that processes on all the computers got consistent views of what the data was I consistent views of what the data was I
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data but they had to be synchronized so that processes on all the computers got
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that processes on all the computers got
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that processes on all the computers got consistent views of what the data was I
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consistent views of what the data was I
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consistent views of what the data was I happened to have become quite familiar happened to have become quite familiar happened to have become quite familiar with special relativity one of the with special relativity one of the with special relativity one of the things that special relativity teachers things that special relativity teachers
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happened to have become quite familiar
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happened to have become quite familiar with special relativity one of the
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with special relativity one of the
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with special relativity one of the things that special relativity teachers
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things that special relativity teachers
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things that special relativity teachers you is that two different observers have you is that two different observers have you is that two different observers have different Notions of what at the same different Notions of what at the same different Notions of what at the same time means but there's one notion that
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you is that two different observers have
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you is that two different observers have different Notions of what at the same
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different Notions of what at the same
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different Notions of what at the same time means but there's one notion that
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time means but there's one notion that time means but there's one notion that is invariant there's a certain notion of is invariant there's a certain notion of is invariant there's a certain notion of one event happening before another event one event happening before another event one event happening before another event and that means that it's possible for
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time means but there's one notion that is invariant there's a certain notion of
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is invariant there's a certain notion of
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is invariant there's a certain notion of one event happening before another event
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one event happening before another event
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one event happening before another event and that means that it's possible for
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and that means that it's possible for and that means that it's possible for information to be transmitted from one information to be transmitted from one information to be transmitted from one event to the other when the information event to the other when the information event to the other when the information cannot travel faster than the speed of
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and that means that it's possible for information to be transmitted from one
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information to be transmitted from one
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information to be transmitted from one event to the other when the information
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event to the other when the information
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event to the other when the information cannot travel faster than the speed of
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cannot travel faster than the speed of cannot travel faster than the speed of light I realized that that that notion light I realized that that that notion light I realized that that that notion of causality was violated by the of causality was violated by the of causality was violated by the algorithm of Thomas and Johnson it's
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cannot travel faster than the speed of light I realized that that that notion
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light I realized that that that notion
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light I realized that that that notion of causality was violated by the
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of causality was violated by the
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of causality was violated by the algorithm of Thomas and Johnson it's
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algorithm of Thomas and Johnson it's algorithm of Thomas and Johnson it's completely analogous to the relation and completely analogous to the relation and completely analogous to the relation and special relativity so what I did is I special relativity so what I did is I
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algorithm of Thomas and Johnson it's completely analogous to the relation and
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completely analogous to the relation and
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completely analogous to the relation and special relativity so what I did is I
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special relativity so what I did is I
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special relativity so what I did is I wrote a paper that explained this notion wrote a paper that explained this notion wrote a paper that explained this notion of causality one could solve any of causality one could solve any of causality one could solve any distributed system Problem by building distributed system Problem by building
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wrote a paper that explained this notion
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wrote a paper that explained this notion of causality one could solve any
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of causality one could solve any
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of causality one could solve any distributed system Problem by building
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distributed system Problem by building
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distributed system Problem by building what I called a state machine think of what I called a state machine think of what I called a state machine think of it as an abstract computer that does one it as an abstract computer that does one
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what I called a state machine think of
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what I called a state machine think of it as an abstract computer that does one
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it as an abstract computer that does one
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it as an abstract computer that does one thing at a time you make sure that all thing at a time you make sure that all thing at a time you make sure that all the computers in this distributed system the computers in this distributed system the computers in this distributed system cooperate to implement a single state
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thing at a time you make sure that all
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thing at a time you make sure that all the computers in this distributed system
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the computers in this distributed system
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the computers in this distributed system cooperate to implement a single state
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cooperate to implement a single state cooperate to implement a single state machine and that idea has become you machine and that idea has become you machine and that idea has become you know fundamental in the way people think know fundamental in the way people think know fundamental in the way people think about building distributed systems I had
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cooperate to implement a single state machine and that idea has become you
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machine and that idea has become you
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machine and that idea has become you know fundamental in the way people think
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know fundamental in the way people think
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know fundamental in the way people think about building distributed systems I had
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about building distributed systems I had about building distributed systems I had never even thought about a distributed never even thought about a distributed never even thought about a distributed system before I wrote that system before I wrote that system before I wrote that paper as I progressed in my career I
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about building distributed systems I had never even thought about a distributed
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never even thought about a distributed
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never even thought about a distributed system before I wrote that
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system before I wrote that
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system before I wrote that paper as I progressed in my career I
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paper as I progressed in my career I paper as I progressed in my career I came to appreciate of the idea of came to appreciate of the idea of came to appreciate of the idea of working in Industry that's where most of working in Industry that's where most of
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paper as I progressed in my career I came to appreciate of the idea of
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came to appreciate of the idea of
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came to appreciate of the idea of working in Industry that's where most of
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working in Industry that's where most of
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working in Industry that's where most of the interesting problems that I found the interesting problems that I found the interesting problems that I found came from you know from Engineers having came from you know from Engineers having came from you know from Engineers having a problem to solve it reminds me a problem to solve it reminds me
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the interesting problems that I found
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the interesting problems that I found came from you know from Engineers having
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came from you know from Engineers having
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came from you know from Engineers having a problem to solve it reminds me
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a problem to solve it reminds me
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a problem to solve it reminds me actually of something that August Renoir actually of something that August Renoir actually of something that August Renoir once said if someone asked him why he once said if someone asked him why he once said if someone asked him why he painted outside rather than in his
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actually of something that August Renoir
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actually of something that August Renoir once said if someone asked him why he
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once said if someone asked him why he
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once said if someone asked him why he painted outside rather than in his
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painted outside rather than in his painted outside rather than in his studio and what he said is if I were studio and what he said is if I were studio and what he said is if I were painting in the studio and I wanted to painting in the studio and I wanted to
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painted outside rather than in his studio and what he said is if I were
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studio and what he said is if I were
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studio and what he said is if I were painting in the studio and I wanted to
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painting in the studio and I wanted to
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painting in the studio and I wanted to paint a leaf I would be able to you know paint a leaf I would be able to you know paint a leaf I would be able to you know think of only a half dozen or so think of only a half dozen or so
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paint a leaf I would be able to you know
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paint a leaf I would be able to you know think of only a half dozen or so
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think of only a half dozen or so
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think of only a half dozen or so different kinds of leaves that I could different kinds of leaves that I could different kinds of leaves that I could paint but when I was painting Outdoors paint but when I was painting Outdoors paint but when I was painting Outdoors there were just these millions of
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different kinds of leaves that I could
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different kinds of leaves that I could paint but when I was painting Outdoors
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paint but when I was painting Outdoors
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paint but when I was painting Outdoors there were just these millions of
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there were just these millions of there were just these millions of different kinds of leaves that were different kinds of leaves that were different kinds of leaves that were there that I could paint there that I could paint there that I could paint from I found my research the same way
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there were just these millions of different kinds of leaves that were
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different kinds of leaves that were
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different kinds of leaves that were there that I could paint
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there that I could paint
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there that I could paint from I found my research the same way
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from I found my research the same way from I found my research the same way that if I sat down you know and just you that if I sat down you know and just you that if I sat down you know and just you know contemplated my Naval and think know contemplated my Naval and think
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from I found my research the same way that if I sat down you know and just you
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that if I sat down you know and just you
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that if I sat down you know and just you know contemplated my Naval and think
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know contemplated my Naval and think
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know contemplated my Naval and think about problems you know there was this about problems you know there was this about problems you know there was this small number of problems that I could small number of problems that I could small number of problems that I could think of but there were just scars of
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about problems you know there was this
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about problems you know there was this small number of problems that I could
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small number of problems that I could
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small number of problems that I could think of but there were just scars of
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think of but there were just scars of think of but there were just scars of them sitting out in Industry waiting to them sitting out in Industry waiting to them sitting out in Industry waiting to be to be solved my favorite of my be to be solved my favorite of my
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think of but there were just scars of them sitting out in Industry waiting to
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them sitting out in Industry waiting to
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them sitting out in Industry waiting to be to be solved my favorite of my
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be to be solved my favorite of my
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be to be solved my favorite of my algorithms is the bakery algorithm it's algorithms is the bakery algorithm it's algorithms is the bakery algorithm it's to solve the mutual exclusion problem to solve the mutual exclusion problem to solve the mutual exclusion problem that is keep two processes from using that is keep two processes from using
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algorithms is the bakery algorithm it's
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algorithms is the bakery algorithm it's to solve the mutual exclusion problem
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to solve the mutual exclusion problem
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to solve the mutual exclusion problem that is keep two processes from using
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that is keep two processes from using
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that is keep two processes from using the printer at the same time processes the printer at the same time processes the printer at the same time processes choose a number based on the numbers choose a number based on the numbers choose a number based on the numbers that have been chosen by other processes
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the printer at the same time processes
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the printer at the same time processes choose a number based on the numbers
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choose a number based on the numbers
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choose a number based on the numbers that have been chosen by other processes
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that have been chosen by other processes that have been chosen by other processes and use an algorithm so that the lowest and use an algorithm so that the lowest and use an algorithm so that the lowest is allowed to use the printer but what is allowed to use the printer but what
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that have been chosen by other processes and use an algorithm so that the lowest
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and use an algorithm so that the lowest
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and use an algorithm so that the lowest is allowed to use the printer but what
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is allowed to use the printer but what
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is allowed to use the printer but what is amazing about it is it does not make is amazing about it is it does not make is amazing about it is it does not make an assumption that almost every other an assumption that almost every other an assumption that almost every other algorithm makes the Assumption being
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is amazing about it is it does not make
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is amazing about it is it does not make an assumption that almost every other
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an assumption that almost every other
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an assumption that almost every other algorithm makes the Assumption being
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algorithm makes the Assumption being algorithm makes the Assumption being that if say I'm changing my number from that if say I'm changing my number from that if say I'm changing my number from 47 to 100 and you read that number 47 to 100 and you read that number
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algorithm makes the Assumption being that if say I'm changing my number from
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that if say I'm changing my number from
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that if say I'm changing my number from 47 to 100 and you read that number
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47 to 100 and you read that number
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47 to 100 and you read that number you'll either get 47 or 100 but that you'll either get 47 or 100 but that you'll either get 47 or 100 but that algorithm works even if instead of algorithm works even if instead of algorithm works even if instead of getting 47 or 100 you maybe got 4700 or
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you'll either get 47 or 100 but that
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you'll either get 47 or 100 but that algorithm works even if instead of
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algorithm works even if instead of
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algorithm works even if instead of getting 47 or 100 you maybe got 4700 or
428.4s
getting 47 or 100 you maybe got 4700 or getting 47 or 100 you maybe got 4700 or maybe you got maybe you got maybe you got 99,999 the algorithm still works I 99,999 the algorithm still works I 99,999 the algorithm still works I didn't intend it to I mean I didn't
428.4s
getting 47 or 100 you maybe got 4700 or maybe you got
431.0s
maybe you got
431.0s
maybe you got 99,999 the algorithm still works I
434.5s
99,999 the algorithm still works I
434.5s
99,999 the algorithm still works I didn't intend it to I mean I didn't
436.1s
didn't intend it to I mean I didn't didn't intend it to I mean I didn't intend that I just discovered that when intend that I just discovered that when intend that I just discovered that when I wrote a proof I never needed to make I wrote a proof I never needed to make
436.2s
didn't intend it to I mean I didn't intend that I just discovered that when
438.3s
intend that I just discovered that when
438.3s
intend that I just discovered that when I wrote a proof I never needed to make
440.7s
I wrote a proof I never needed to make
440.8s
I wrote a proof I never needed to make the assumption that is just so the assumption that is just so the assumption that is just so beautiful uh and you know I'm really beautiful uh and you know I'm really beautiful uh and you know I'm really proud that that that I uh stumbled on it
443.4s
the assumption that is just so
443.4s
the assumption that is just so beautiful uh and you know I'm really
448.1s
beautiful uh and you know I'm really
448.2s
beautiful uh and you know I'm really proud that that that I uh stumbled on it
453.4s
proud that that that I uh stumbled on it proud that that that I uh stumbled on it Music
453.4s
proud that that that I uh stumbled on it Music
